Prediction of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm and Malignancy of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm Using Multiparametric MRI

The study aims to evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating Follicular thyroid neoplasm (FTN) from non-FTN and malignant FTN (MFTN) from benign FTN (BFTN).

We retrospectively analyzed 702 postoperatively confirmed thyroid nodules, and divided them into training ( n = 482) and validation ( n = 220) cohorts.

The 133 FTNs were further split into BFTN ( n = 116) and MFTN ( n = 17) groups.

Employing univariate and multivariate logistic regression, we identified independent predictors of FTN and MFTN, and subsequently develop a nomogram for FTN and a risk score system (RSS) for MFTN prediction.

We assessed performance of nomogram through its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.

The diagnostic performance of the RSS for MFTN was further compared with the performance of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS).

The nomogram, integrating independent predictors, demonstrated robust discrimination and calibration in differentiating FTN from non-FTN in both training cohort (AUC = 0.947, Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.698) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.927, Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.088).

Key risk factors for differentiating MFTN from BFTN included tumor size, restricted diffusion, and cystic degeneration.

The AUC of the RSS for MFTN prediction was 0.902 (95% CI 0.798–0.971), outperforming five TIRADS with a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 95.1%, accuracy of 92.4%, and positive and negative predictive values of 68.8% and 96.1%, respectively, at the optimal cutoff.

MRI-based models demonstrate excellent diagnostic performance for preoperative predicting of FTN and MFTN, potentially guiding clinicians in optimizing therapeutic decision-making.