Effects of exercise on cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: a scoping review

Background Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is one of the major long-term concerns reported by breast cancer survivors after overcoming the disease.

The present study undertakes a scoping review of relevant research publications to explore the effect of increasing physical activity (PA) levels or the use of exercise (EX)-based programs on CRCI in female breast cancer survivors; who have completed neo/adjuvant chemotherapy treatment and are awaiting or receiving hormonal therapy.

Methods An electronic search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, WOS, and Cochrane databases has been conducted to identify published literature from January 2000 to December 2021.

Results Of 1129 articles, twenty met the inclusion criteria.

The majority of the included observational studies (90%) reported cross-sectional design; meanwhile, 72% of experimental research reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or randomized crossover trials.

15 neuropsychological batteries and tests, and 5 self-reported validated questionnaires were employed.

Only 27% of the included articles used a combination of the previously mentioned methods.

The recorder of moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA), defined as more than 3 METs, or represented as average daily minutes spent (≥ 1952 counts/min) was the most analyzed variable in cross-sectional studies, and EX programs based on aerobic training (AT) were the most proposed by RCTs.

Conclusions The exploratory approach of this review demonstrates modest but increasingly promising evidence regarding exercise’s potential to improve brain health among breast cancer survivors although these findings highlight the importance of addressing methodological heterogeneity in the same direction with the view of using exercise within the clinic area.