Clinical value of measuring plasma D-dimer levels in patients with esophageal cancer

Background Esophageal cancer represents a significant public health concern; however, reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers have not been established.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of plasma D-dimer levels in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods Overall, 120 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent radical surgical resection at our department between January 2019 and 2020 were included (esophageal cancer group).

Plasma D-dimer levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 14.

Additionally, 60 healthy participants (control group) with measured plasma D-dimer levels were included.

The preoperative D-dimer levels and positive D-dimer test rates were compared between the groups.

The 3-year survival rate in patients with esophageal cancer was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results Preoperative D-dimer concentration in the esophageal cancer group was (0.65 ± 0.859 µ g/mL) significantly higher than that in the control group (0.32 ± 0.369 µ g/mL).

The positivity rate in the esophageal cancer group (35.0%, 42/120) was significantly higher than that in the control group (15%, 9/60).

D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher 1 day postoperatively than preoperatively.

Conversely, D-dimer concentrations were significantly lower 14 days postoperatively than preoperatively.

Patients in the esophageal cancer group with plasma D-dimer concentrations ≤ 0.5 µg/mL had significantly higher 3-year survival rates than those with higher concentrations.

In the logistic multivariate analysis, tumor pathological stage and preoperative plasma D-dimer levels were independent prognostic factors of 3-year survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer.

Conclusion Plasma D-dimer concentrations are clinically valuable in esophageal cancer diagnosis, postoperative recurrence monitoring, and prognosis prediction.