Molecular prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in cats in different regions of Iran

Background Hemotropic Mycoplasma species (hemoplasmas) cause hemolytic anemia in cats worldwide and are recognized as emerging zoonotic pathogens.

There is no comprehensive study on the prevalence and species diversity of hemoplasmas in domestic cat populations in different regions in Iran.

Thus, the aims of the present study were to provide data on the prevalence and molecular characterization of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in apparently healthy cats from six Iranian provinces with different climates.

In addition, potential risk factors associated with hemoplasmosis in cats were assessed.

Results Mycoplasma spp.

DNA was detected in the blood of 56 / 361 cats (15.5%) using genus-specific PCR.

Further examinations with species-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing showed that 38 cats (10.5%) tested positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), 8 cats (2.2%) tested positive for Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), and 2 cats (0.6%) tested positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt).

Co-infection with CMhm, and Mhf was observed in 7 cats (1.9%).

One cat (0.3%) showed mixed infection with CMhm, Mhf, and CMt.

There were statistically significant relationships between Mycoplasma positivity and being female, living in shelter (cattery), and being over 3 years old ( P  < 0.05).

No significant association was observed for the cat breed and sampling localities.

Conclusions Current study findings revealed that hemoplasma infections are common among Iran cat populations.

Considering the impact of such emerging zoonotic pathogens on the One Health , routine screenings, increasing public awareness, effective control, and prophylactic strategies for minimizing infection in cats and subsequently in human are strongly recommended.