Association between Maoto Use and Hospitalization for Seasonal Influenza in a Nonelderly Cohort in Japan

OBJECTIVE: Maoto is a traditional Japanese Kampo formula used to treat influenza.

However, clinical evidence for maoto has been limited to small-scale studies of its effect in alleviating symptoms.

The present study evaluated whether or not the addition of maoto to a neuraminidase inhibitor was associated with a reduction in hospitalization following influenza.

METHODS: Using the JMDC Claims Database, we identified outpatients <60 years old who were diagnosed with influenza by an antigen test from September 2013 to August 2018.

One-to-five propensity score matching was conducted between patients who received maoto in addition to a neuraminidase inhibitor and those who received a neuraminidase inhibitor alone.

Hospitalization within seven days of the influenza diagnosis was compared in the matched groups using the Mantel-Haenszel test.

RESULTS: We identified 1.79 million cases of influenza from the database in the 5-year study period.

Maoto was prescribed for 3.9% of the 1.67 million cases receiving a neuraminidase inhibitor.

In the 64,613 propensity score-matched groups of patients, the 7-day hospitalization rate was 0.116% (n=75) for patients with maoto and 0.122% (n=394) for patients without maoto.

The difference between these treatment groups was nonsignificant (common odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.22; p=0.695).

CONCLUSION: The addition of maoto to a neuraminidase inhibitor was not associated with a decrease in hospitalization among nonelderly patients with influenza.

Further research is necessary to clarify the indication and efficacy of maoto.