Role of hypermethylated SLC5A8 in follicular thyroid cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction

Objective Thyroid cancer is one of the most frequently reported endocrine system malignancies.

It is difficult to distinguish follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) during pathological diagnosis in patients without lymph nodes or distant metastases.

Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate the significance of SLC5A8 methylation and expression in the diagnosis and prognosis of FTC.

Methods We used 165 tissue samples, including FTC ( n  = 58), thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential (TT-UMP, n  = 40), and FTA ( n  = 67), to explore the differences in SLC5A8 methylation and mRNA transcription in different pathological types.

Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the recurrence rate at a 5-year follow-up.

Results The SLC5A8 methylation positive rate was higher in patients with thyroglobulin ≥ 40 μg/l and Chol ≥ 5.17 mmol/l, and it was higher in patients with FTC ( n  = 42, 72.4%) than those with FTA ( n  = 27, 40.3%) and TT-UMP ( n  = 23, 57.5%).

The relative concentration of SLC5A8 mRNA was lower in patients with FTC than in those with FTA ( p  < 0.05).

At 5-year follow-ups, patients who were SLC5A8 methylation-positive had a higher recurrence rate than those who were methylation-negative.

Conclusions Our current study indicates that SLC5A8 gene methylation occurs more commonly in patients with FTC than in those with FTA.

The differences in SLC5A8 methylation and expression among FTA, FTC, and TT-UMP provide an important basis for further exploration of epigenetic changes in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of thyroid cancer.

Our findings need to be further validated in larger populations with long-term follow-up in the future.