Factors influencing rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation in Jiulongpo, Chongqing, China: a retrospective cohort from 2018 to 2022

Background Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is pivotal in extending the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH) and minimizing transmission.

Rapid ART initiation, defined as commencing ART within seven days of HIV diagnosis, is recommended for all PLWH.

Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.

This study included PLWH diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2021 and treated by December 2022.

Factors influencing rapid ART initiation were examined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results The study analyzed 1310 cases.

The majority were male (77.4%), over 50 years old (46.7%), and contracted HIV through heterosexual transmission (70.0%).

Rapid ART initiation was observed in 36.6% ( n  = 479) of cases, with a cumulative treatment rate of 72.9% within 30 days post-diagnosis.

Heterosexual contact was associated with longer intervals from diagnosis to treatment initiation compared to homosexual contact (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.813, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.668–0.988).

Individuals older than 50 years (Adjusted HR = 1.852, 95%CI: 1.149–2.985) were more likely to initiate ART rapidly.

Conversely, treatment at the Second Public Hospital (Adjusted HR = 0.483, 95% CI: 0.330–0.708) and a CD4 cell counts above 500 (Adjusted HR = 0.553, 95% CI: 0.332–0.921) were associated with a lower likelihood of initiating treatment within seven days.

Conclusions A higher CD4 cell counts and receiving care in local public hospitals may deter rapid ART initiation.

Providing CD4 counts results at diagnosis and offering testing and treatment in the same facility could enhance the rate of rapid ART initiation.