Antimicrobial activities of metabolites isolated from endophytic Aspergillus flavus of Sarcophyton ehrenbergi supported by in-silico study and NMR spectroscopy

Background Endophytic  Aspergillus  species produce countless valuable bioactive secondary metabolites.

In the current study, Aspergillus flavus an endophyte from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi was chemically explored and the extracted phytoconstituents were subsequently evaluated for antimicrobial activity.

This is accomplished by employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and computational techniques.

Additionally, An in vitro anticancer analysis of A. flavus  total extract against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was investigated.

Result Six compounds were separated from the crude alcohol extract of the endophytic  Aspergillus flavus out of which anhydro-mevalonolactone was reported for the first time.

The anti-fungal and anti- Helicobacter pylori properties of two distinct compounds (Scopularides A and B) were assessed.

Additionally, computational research was done to identify the binding mechanisms for all compounds.

Both the compounds were found to be active against  H. pylori  with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 7.81 to 15.63 µg/ mL as compared with clarithromycin 1.95 µg/ mL.

Scopularides A was potent against both  Candida albicans  and  Aspergillus niger  with MIC values ranging from 3.9 to 31.25 µg/ mL, while scopularides B only inhibits Candida albicans  with MIC value of 15.63 µg/ mL and weak inhibitory activity against  A. niger  (MIC = 125 µg/ mL).

Furthermore, cytotoxic activity showed a significant effect (IC_50: 30.46 mg/mL) against MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion Our findings report that cytotoxic activity and molecular docking support the antimicrobial activity of Aspergillus flavus , which could be a promising alternative source as a potential antimicrobial agent.