Ureterolithiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients Treated with Single-Use Ureteroscope: A Case Report

Case series Patient: Two patients Final Diagnosis: Urolithiasis Symptoms: Recurrent back pain • recurrent intermittent right lumbar pain and discomfort Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Urology OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: The number of HIV-positive patients is increasing worldwide.

Such patients with upper urinary tract stones have been treated primarily with flexible ureteroscopy.

CASE REPORTS: Two patients with HIV and upper urinary tract stones were treated with a single-use digital flexible uretero-scope between July 2021 and January 2022.

Both cases were treated by transurethral ureteroscope lithotripsy with a Guangzhou Redpine single-use digital flexible ureteroscope.

This is also the first reported case of using a disposable ureteral flexible scope to manage a patient with upper urinary tract stones in combination with HIV.

The holmium laser power was set to 0.2–0.6j/20–50 Hz for fragmentation and 1.0–1.5j/10–20 Hz for the dusting of the stones.

Renal stones larger than 1 cm were dusted to around 1 cm first, and then a lithotripsy basket was used to remove them.

The f5 Polaris Ultra ureteral stent was implanted during the procedure.

The operations went smoothly.

Four weeks after surgery, CT scans revealed a 4 mm stone remnant in one case, and the ureteral stent was removed in both cases.

After 3 months, a kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray revealed no stones remaining in the case that had earlier shown a 4 mm stone residual.

In both cases, the stone composition was made up of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate stones.

CONCLUSIONS: A single-use flexible ureteroscope has a proven clinical benefit in treating HIV-combined upper urinary tract stones.

After the operations, there were no urinary infections, bleeding, or other complications in either patient.